課程資訊
課程名稱
氣候動力之當前研究
Current Research in Climate Dynamics 
開課學期
110-1 
授課對象
理學院  大氣科學系  
授課教師
黃彥婷 
課號
AtmSci7099 
課程識別碼
229 M8550 
班次
 
學分
2.0 
全/半年
半年 
必/選修
選修 
上課時間
星期一3,4(10:20~12:10) 
上課地點
大氣系A100 
備註
總人數上限:35人 
Ceiba 課程網頁
http://ceiba.ntu.edu.tw/1101GCresearch11 
課程簡介影片
 
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課程概述

****** The course will be on-line for the first three weeks. Please use the following link to join *****
Join Zoom Meeting
https://us02web.zoom.us/j/82101718699?pwd=L2trYzZDUmNwVjIyQ1YyZExhSmQ4UT09

Meeting ID: 821 0171 8699
Passcode: speakup
**********************

這門課是個讀書會,大家每週固定討論氣候動力的研究。歡迎具有氣候學基礎,想要了解當今氣候動力研究議題的同學選修。我們將針對特定議題,大量閱讀文獻(少數經典精讀,多數的近年研究瀏覽,每位同學負責不同的小子題,再到課堂上交流),甚至許多文獻都只會掃讀跟討論跟指定議題有關的面相,只討論部分結果,目標是讓我們對指定議題的理解跟最新的國際研究接軌,而不是全盤弄懂所有文獻的細節。(這是大家未來面對想要發展的研究議題時,常常採用的快速回顧文獻的方式。)
學期將分成兩個部分,第一部分將討論人為氣候變遷的相關議題,第二部分則根據開課年度的熱門議題或是修課學生的興趣調整。除了閱讀跟討論文獻外,我們也會介紹要讀懂這些當前氣候相關文章的文獻需要具備的動力與物理等重要觀念。

The class contains two parts. During the first few weeks we will discuss the atmospheric response to anthropogenic forcing. Starting from a few robust and significant temperature responses (Arctic amplification, upper tropical troposphere warming, and stratospheric cooling), we will make our way to their impacts of jet streams and associated phenomena like desert expansion or changes in tropical cyclone frequency. After the big picture is built, we will add in regional complexity such as the formation mechanisms and the impacts of ENSO-like forcing in the tropical Pacific, delayed warming in North Atlantic and Southern Ocean, and enhanced land-sea contrast,
For the rest of the course, we will cover a second “hot” topic in the field of climate dynamics based on students’ interests.
We will work through as much of the relevant literature as possible, with particular emphasis on recent papers. The class sessions will include: 1) Discussions of paper sets: we aim to come up with a synthesis of a particular subtopic every two weeks, with a few key papers being discussed in detail and others (a majority of related papers) in passing (in reality, this is how we read papers when doing research) and 2) lectures on dynamic or thermodynamic concepts that are essential for understanding these state-of-the-art papers.
 

課程目標
(1) develop a thorough understanding of the state-of-the-literature on two important topics in climate dynamics
(2) develop the ability to survey and synthesize the primary themes that are driving the current research field.
 
課程要求
Leading paper discussion 30%
Participation (include in class discussion and discussion board on-line) 40%
Two writing projects (The written reports include an in-depth review of the research topics discussed in class. Reports should be about 1 page of text plus 1~4 figures) 30%
 
預期每週課後學習時數
 
Office Hours
 
指定閱讀
some examples of the topics and papers:

tropical upper troposphere warming
Allen, Robert J., and Steven C. Sherwood. "Warming maximum in the tropical upper troposphere deduced from thermal winds." Nature Geoscience 1.6 (2008): 399-403.
Mitchell, D. M., et al. "Revisiting the controversial issue of tropical tropospheric temperature trends." Geophysical Research Letters 40.11 (2013): 2801-2806.
Sherwood, Steven C., and Nidhi Nishant. "Atmospheric changes through 2012 as shown by iteratively homogenized radiosonde temperature and wind data (IUKv2)." Environmental Research Letters 10.5 (2015): 054007.
Po-Chedley, Stephen, et al. "Natural variability contributes to model–satellite differences in tropical tropospheric warming." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118.13 (2021).

Arctic amplification
Henry, Matthew, et al. "Decomposing the Drivers of Polar Amplification with a Single-Column Model." Journal of Climate 34.6 (2021): 2355-2365.
Pithan, Felix, and Thorsten Mauritsen. "Arctic amplification dominated by temperature feedbacks in contemporary climate models." Nature Geoscience 7.3 (2014): 181-184.
Russotto, Rick D., and Michela Biasutti. "Polar amplification as an inherent response of a circulating atmosphere: Results from the TRACMIP aquaplanets." Geophysical Research Letters 47.6 (2020): e2019GL086771.
Stuecker, Malte F., et al. "Polar amplification dominated by local forcing and feedbacks." Nature Climate Change 8.12 (2018): 1076-1081.
Kang, Sarah M., et al. "Common warming pattern emerges irrespective of forcing location." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 9.6 (2017): 2413-2424.

stratospheric cooling
Thompson, David WJ, and Susan Solomon. "Recent stratospheric climate trends as evidenced in radiosonde data: Global structure and tropospheric linkages." Journal of climate 18.22 (2005): 4785-4795.
Randel, William J., et al. "An update of observed stratospheric temperature trends." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 114.D2 (2009).
Steiner, A. K., et al. "Observed temperature changes in the troposphere and stratosphere from 1979 to 2018." Journal of Climate 33.19 (2020): 8165-8194.

Jet shift (and changes in zonal wind) – the tug of war
Lee, Simon H., Paul D. Williams, and Thomas HA Frame. "Increased shear in the North Atlantic upper-level jet stream over the past four decades." Nature 572.7771 (2019): 639-642.
Stendel, Martin, et al. "The jet stream and climate change." Climate Change. Elsevier, 2021. 327-357.
Francis, Jennifer A., and Stephen J. Vavrus. "Evidence linking Arctic amplification to extreme weather in mid‐latitudes." Geophysical research letters 39.6 (2012).
Haarsma, Reindert J., Frank Selten, and Geert Jan van Oldenborgh. "Anthropogenic changes of the thermal and zonal flow structure over Western Europe and Eastern North Atlantic in CMIP3 and CMIP5 models." Climate dynamics 41.9-10 (2013): 2577-2588.
Staten, Paul W., et al. "Re-examining tropical expansion." Nature Climate Change 8.9 (2018): 768-775.
Lu, Jian, Gabriel A. Vecchi, and Thomas Reichler. "Expansion of the Hadley cell under global warming." Geophysical Research Letters 34.6 (2007).
equatorial (ENSO-like) warming pattern
Stuecker, Malte F., et al. "Strong remote control of future equatorial warming by off-equatorial forcing." Nature Climate Change 10.2 (2020): 124-129.
Heede, Ulla K., Alexey V. Fedorov, and Natalie J. Burls. "Time scales and mechanisms for the tropical pacific response to global warming: A tug of war between the ocean thermostat and weaker walker." Journal of Climate 33.14 (2020): 6101-6118.
Seager, Richard, et al. "Strengthening tropical Pacific zonal sea surface temperature gradient consistent with rising greenhouse gases." Nature Climate Change 9.7 (2019): 517-522.
Merlis, Timothy M., and Tapio Schneider. "Changes in zonal surface temperature gradients and Walker circulations in a wide range of climates." Journal of Climate 24.17 (2011): 4757-4768.

Global scale warming pattern
Xie, Shang‐Ping. "Ocean warming pattern effect on global and regional climate change." AGU advances 1.1 (2020): e2019AV000130.
Marshall, John, et al. "The ocean's role in polar climate change: asymmetric Arctic and Antarctic responses to greenhouse gas and ozone forcing." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 372.2019 (2014): 20130040.
large ensemble – the roles of GHG, aerosols, and natural variability
Deser, Clara, et al. "Insights from Earth system model initial-condition large ensembles and future prospects." Nature Climate Change 10.4 (2020): 277-286.
Deser, Clara, et al. "Isolating the evolving contributions of anthropogenic aerosols and greenhouse gases: A new CESM1 large ensemble community resource." Journal of climate 33.18 (2020): 7835-7858.
Wang, Hai, Shang-Ping Xie, and Qinyu Liu. "Comparison of climate response to anthropogenic aerosol versus greenhouse gas forcing: Distinct patterns." Journal of Climate 29.14 (2016): 5175-5188.
Watanabe, Masahiro, et al. "Enhanced warming constrained by past trends in equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature gradient." Nature Climate Change 11.1 (2021): 33-37.
Chung, Eui-Seok, and Brian J. Soden. "Hemispheric climate shifts driven by anthropogenic aerosol–cloud interactions." Nature Geoscience 10.8 (2017): 566-571.

Global warming hiatus (recent negative IPO pattern)
Medhaug, Iselin, et al. "Reconciling controversies about the ‘global warming hiatus’." Nature 545.7652 (2017): 41-47.
Li, Xichen, et al. "Atlantic-induced pan-tropical climate change over the past three decades." Nature Climate Change 6.3 (2016): 275-279.
England, Matthew H., et al. "Recent intensification of wind-driven circulation in the Pacific and the ongoing warming hiatus." Nature climate change 4.3 (2014): 222-227.
Cai, Wenju, et al. "Pantropical climate interactions." Science 363.6430 (2019).

AMOC
Liu, Wei, et al. "Climate impacts of a weakened Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in a warming climate." Science advances 6.26 (2020): eaaz4876.
Zhang, Rong, et al. "A review of the role of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation in Atlantic multidecadal variability and associated climate impacts." Reviews of Geophysics 57.2 (2019): 316-375.
Menary, Matthew B., et al. "Aerosol‐forced AMOC changes in CMIP6 historical simulations." Geophysical research letters 47.14 (2020): e2020GL088166.

 
參考書目
assigned papers will be posted  
評量方式
(僅供參考)
 
No.
項目
百分比
說明
1. 
oral presentation  
30% 
Leading paper discussion 30%  
2. 
participation  
40% 
Participation (include in class discussion and discussion board on-line) 40%  
3. 
written reports  
30% 
Two written reports (The written reports include an in-depth review of the research topics discussed in class. Reports should be about 1 page of text plus 1~4 figures) 
 
課程進度
週次
日期
單元主題